Changes in soil macropores: Superposition of the roles of organic nutrient amendments and the greenhouse pattern in vegetable plantations

Organic farming can potentially mitigate soil compaction, which commonly occurs in vegetable plantations, particularly in greenhouses when compared with open‐air systems. Although several studies have addressed the effect of planting patterns on soil pore characteristics, few studies have focused on changes in pore attributes under organic fertilization. We used adjacent fields during green manure planting as a control to compare the differences in soil physicochemical and macropore parameters between 14‐year‐old greenhouse plots and open‐air plots under organic fertilization. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to analyse the drivers of soil macropore characteristics in vegetable plantations in Jiangsu Province, China. A significant increase in connectivity, fractal dimensions and total macroporosity and a decrease in bulk density after 14 years of organic farming, particularly in the surface layer in the greenhouse, were observed. However, the difference in pores in the plough pan layer was not significant between the treatments. The volume of small pores (50–500 μm) and medium pores (500–1,000 μm) increased significantly (p < 0.05) in both the greenhouse and open‐air systems, showing significantly positive relationships with soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) content. Large pores (>1,000 μm) showed a clear decrease, especially in open‐air fields, possibly due to the disappearance of the original straw residues in the surface layer. Small and medium pores in the plough layer increased in greenhouse fields, whereas the opposite occurred in open‐air fields. Overall, compared with open‐air systems, long‐term organic greenhouse patterns had a significantly positive effect on soil pore attributes.     

芥菜吸收积累重金属研究进展

指出了土壤重金属污染状况和由此导致的蔬菜重金属污染风险不容忽视。针对不同品种芥菜吸收和积累重金属的特性、吸收机制以及应用方面进行了综述,为研究芥菜吸收积累重金属的机理和应用提供参考。     

1047年北宋宫廷祈雨的诸相

本文以1047年发生在北宋宫廷内的一场祈雨祭祀为研究对象,运用"剧场国家"理论,描绘了祈雨的"展演"相与"权力"相,研究了祈雨期内以展演为表征、以权力为暗流的人神、人地、人人关系。研究发现:一方面,祈雨是充满象征意义的展演式活动,祈雨人宋仁宗需要向天神与黎民展演德行,而展演德行又需借助于气象技术;另一方面,贾昌朝被罢相是多重因素作用下的结果,罢相反映出北宋中期朝廷内激烈的政治纷争,其仍为庆历新政后权力博弈的延续。可见这场祈雨是一场德行的展演,也是实在的操纵帝国的权力之争。     

基于景观视角的防城港万尾金滩滨海护岸探析

防城港东兴市万尾金滩约10km的滨海护岸公路是生态防护、景观步道、旅游集散、防灾避险和渔船停泊等多种功能协调统于一体的滨海防护工程。通过实地调查测绘,基于园林景观的角度从海岸生态防护、水文特征、景观特性三个方面探讨了万尾金滩滨海护岸公路的合理性与不足。指出了滨海护岸工程如何在抵御风浪侵蚀的基础上体现场地的观赏性、便利性、生态性和安全性,以实现滨海护岸工程景观、功能和生态的有机结合。     

Dietary supplementation with Moringa oleifera and mulberry leaf affects pork quality from finishing pigs

Moringa oleifera and Morus alba leaves are nutritious non-traditional feed ingredients containing bioactive substances. This study was to evaluate the potential application of dietary Moringa and Morus leaf powder on the growth traits, carcass characteristics and meat quality of finishing pigs. Moringa did not alter growth performance or carcass characteristics, but it decreased meat b* value, increased MyHCIIa and decreased MyHCIIx mRNA levels, and increased CP and concentrations of Ala, Thr, Ile, Lys and Pro in longissimus thoracis. Morus increased final BW, ADFI and ADG, decreased F/G ratio, improved slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass yield and meat a* value, and decreased shear force, drip loss, MyHCIIx and MyHCIIb mRNA levels, and increased MyHCI and MyHCIIa mRNA levels. Morus also increased CP, Glu, Gly, Ala, Arg, Ile, Phe, Pro, Ser, Tyr and Asp, and C16:1, C18:1n9c, C20:4n6, C18:3n3, C20:3n3, C22:1n9 and n-3 PUFA, but decreased C12:0 and C16:0. In summary, Morus improved the parameters and held great potential as an unconventional feed crop.     

Identification and verification of quantitative trait loci for eating and cooking quality of rice (Oryza sativa)

This study was conducted to identify new quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that have stable effects for eating and cooking quality (ECQ) of rice. Three recombinant inbred line populations of indica rice were each planted in two years. Three traits for ECQ, amylose content (AC), gel consistency (GC) and alkali spreading value (ASV), were measured for QTL analysis. A total of 13 QTLs were detected, including four for AC, six for ASV and three for GC. Two QTLs, qGC4 in the interval RM16252–RM335 on the short arm of chromosome 4 and qGC6.2 in the Alk region, were validated in a population derived from a residual heterozygote that was homozygous at the major locus Wx. In the absence of segregation at the Wx locus, qGC4 and qGC6.2 had additive effects of 2.46 and 8.18 mm, respectively, offering a potential for improving GC property of rice varieties. Comparison between qGC4 and previous results suggests that qGC4 is likely a new QTL for GC, providing a candidate for gene cloning and functional characterization.     

一起未附检疫证明运输动物产品案的分析

2017年5月,A市动物卫生监督机构经A市交警支队通报告知,范×涉嫌运输未附检疫证明的动物产品。经立案调查,认定当事人违法事实存在,按照《动物防疫法》第四十三条和第七十八条的规定,依法给予了行政处罚。本文对该案的适格主体、违法事实、法律适用、程序、证据等方面进行点评,分析了办案过程中存在的案件来源认定缺少支撑,运输价格认定证据单薄,涉案物品处置程序缺失,执法文书送达时机不当等问题。本文也对"有证未附与无证可附"主要区别及不同案情中涉案物品处置方式和结果进行梳理,以期为官方兽医严格依法行政提供参考。     

化学发光免疫分析技术在动物疫病检测中的应用

化学发光免疫分析(chemiluminesecence immunoassay,CLIA)是用于疫病检测的一种免疫检测技术,是基于免疫反应原理,结合化学发光检测技术而建立的。与放射免疫分析、酶免疫分析等标记免疫技术相比,具有无放射性污染、灵敏度高和特异性强的特点,已被广泛应用于疫病流行病学调查、诊断、药物分析以及微生物检测等方面。本文简要介绍了CLIA技术的基本原理及发展,从细菌、病毒和寄生虫检测方面,综述了近年来该技术在动物疫病检测中的应用,提出该技术正向高特异性、高灵敏度、高通量、快速和自动化检测的方向发展,这为今后CLIA在动物疫病检测中的应用研究提供参考。     

因子分析法在玉米生产试验中的应用

为了研究因子分析法在玉米生产试验中的可行性和应用价值,探讨生产试验结果更全面科学的评价方式,使优良品种投入更高效的大面积栽培和推广,本研究对2018年田丰玉米品种联合体生产试验（中海拔组）6个参试品种（含对照种）在保山试点的生育期、农艺性状及抗病性等进行了因子分析。结果表明：前2个公因子对变异的累计贡献率达73.33%,2个独立的公因子较真实地反映了所支配的7个性状及其相互关系。第一公因子主要包含生育期、灰斑病、穗腐病、小斑病和大斑病5个性状,称为生育期和抗病性因子;第二公因子主要支配了株高和穗位高,称为主要农艺性状因子。通过计算公因子得分,6个参试品种中,‘金禾880’综合得分最低,第一公因子得分最低,栽培生产中可适时早播;‘富华9号’综合因子得分最高,第二公因子得分最高,栽培生产中可适当降低株高穗位;‘金禾玉618’综合因子得分最佳,适宜在保山市中海拔区域大面积常规化种植和推广。因子分析法用于玉米生产试验的分析与评价是可行的,在栽培上有一定的指导意义。实际生产中,可根据因子得分对各玉米品种采取具体有效的栽培措施,提高生产力和经济效益。